Публікація: Фізична культура як складова культури здоров’я у поглядах і діяльності прогресивної громадськості у другій половині ХІХ – на початку XX ст.
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Вид-во УДУ імені Михайла Драгоманова
Анотація
Стаття аналізує процес формування уявлень про фізичну культуру як складову культури здоров’я в українському суспільстві другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. Зростання проблем зі здоров’ям дітей і молоді спричинило активізацію громадської думки щодо необхідності впровадження систематичних фізичних вправ, гімнастики та поліпшення шкільних санітарно-гігієнічних умов. У суспільних і наукових дискусіях окреслилися три підходи: гімнастичний, гігієнічний і виховний, що відображало поступовий перехід до гуманістичної моделі фізичного виховання. Значний вплив мали європейські системи тіловиховання та освітянські й медичні з’їзди, які стали важливим майданчиком для поширення ідей оздоровчої фізичної культури. Важливу роль у популяризації здорового способу життя відіграли товариства «Січ», «Сокіл» і «Пласт», що поєднували фізичну активність із виховними і моральними компонентами. Їхня діяльність сприяла утвердженню організованих форм рухової культури й становленню нових уявлень про фізичне виховання як чинник індивідуального та суспільного здоров’я.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation of a health culture in Ukrainian society in the second half of the XIX-th – early XX-th centuries, when physical culture began to be considered an important factor in the improvement of the population and the development of youth. Against the background of the growth of the morbidity of children and adolescents within the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires, public interest in the introduction of orderly physical education, improvement of sanitary and hygienic conditions in schools and scientific substantiation of physical activity increased. Doctors, teachers and public figures emphasized the preventive role of gymnastics, its importance for the prevention of common diseases, harmonious development and strengthening of the health of schoolchildren. In public discussions, various approaches to the organization of physical education were raised: gymnastic, hygienic, educational, which indicated a gradual departure from militarized models and a transition to humanistic concepts. An important role in the dissemination of progressive ideas was played by educational congresses, which from the 1860s became an influential platform for professional discussions. The Second Congress of Technical and Vocational Education Workers (1895–1896) was an example, where almost half of the reports concerned problems of physical development. I. Radetsky's resolution defined the key principles of physical education: a harmonious combination of mental and physical exercises, classes in the fresh air, the creation of an appropriate infrastructure, and the involvement of trained teachers. Similar ideas were also actively spread among Bukovina educators, who emphasized the importance of the comprehensive development of the child. Medical forums, particularly the III Medical Congress in Kyiv (1871), contributed to the formation of scientific approaches to school and public health, emphasizing the health-improving potential of physical exercise. Similar processes took place in Galicia, where Polish and Ukrainian specialists developed ideas of school hygiene and physical activity. Special attention is paid to the activities of the physical education societies «Sich», «Sokil», «Plast». They spread the principles of a healthy lifestyle, formed a positive attitude towards physical education, organized practical classes and popularized the health movement among the population. Their activities contributed to the modernization of the Ukrainian culture of physical education and the establishment of physical activity as a factor of public welfare.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation of a health culture in Ukrainian society in the second half of the XIX-th – early XX-th centuries, when physical culture began to be considered an important factor in the improvement of the population and the development of youth. Against the background of the growth of the morbidity of children and adolescents within the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires, public interest in the introduction of orderly physical education, improvement of sanitary and hygienic conditions in schools and scientific substantiation of physical activity increased. Doctors, teachers and public figures emphasized the preventive role of gymnastics, its importance for the prevention of common diseases, harmonious development and strengthening of the health of schoolchildren. In public discussions, various approaches to the organization of physical education were raised: gymnastic, hygienic, educational, which indicated a gradual departure from militarized models and a transition to humanistic concepts. An important role in the dissemination of progressive ideas was played by educational congresses, which from the 1860s became an influential platform for professional discussions. The Second Congress of Technical and Vocational Education Workers (1895–1896) was an example, where almost half of the reports concerned problems of physical development. I. Radetsky's resolution defined the key principles of physical education: a harmonious combination of mental and physical exercises, classes in the fresh air, the creation of an appropriate infrastructure, and the involvement of trained teachers. Similar ideas were also actively spread among Bukovina educators, who emphasized the importance of the comprehensive development of the child. Medical forums, particularly the III Medical Congress in Kyiv (1871), contributed to the formation of scientific approaches to school and public health, emphasizing the health-improving potential of physical exercise. Similar processes took place in Galicia, where Polish and Ukrainian specialists developed ideas of school hygiene and physical activity. Special attention is paid to the activities of the physical education societies «Sich», «Sokil», «Plast». They spread the principles of a healthy lifestyle, formed a positive attitude towards physical education, organized practical classes and popularized the health movement among the population. Their activities contributed to the modernization of the Ukrainian culture of physical education and the establishment of physical activity as a factor of public welfare.
Опис
Ключові слова
фізичне виховання, здоровий спосіб життя, тіловиховні товариства, громадські ініціативи. Російська імперія, Австро-Угорська імперія, physical education, healthy lifestyle, physical education societies, public initiatives. Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire
Бібліографічний опис
Салтан, Н. М. Фізична культура як складова культури здоров’я у поглядах і діяльності прогресивної громадськості у другій половині ХІХ – на початку XX ст. / Н. М. Салтан // Науковий часопис Українського державного університету імені Михайла Драгоманова. Серія 15 : Науково-педагогічні проблеми фізичної культури (фізична культура і спорт) : зб. наукових праць / За ред. О. В. Тимошенка. – Київ : Вид-во УДУ імені Михайла Драгоманова, 2025. – Вип. 12 (199). – С. 181-188.
