Жіноча спортивна тріада та її компоненти

Жіноча спортивна тріада співвідноситься до взаємозв’язку між енергетичною доступністю, менструальною функцією та мінеральною щільністю кісткової тканини, які можуть мати клінічні прояви, включаючи розлади харчової поведінки, функціональну гіпоталамічну аменорею та остеопороз. Представлено огляд наукових статей, котрі характеризують вивчення проблеми жіночої спортивної тріади. Проаналізовано важливість підвищення освіченості майбутніх фахівців фізичного виховання та спорту з цієї проблеми.

The female athlete triad refers to the interrelationships among energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density, which may have clinical manifestations including eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Triad represents a syndrome of three interrelated conditions that originate from chronically inadequate energy intake to compensate for energy expenditure; this environment results in insufficient stored energy to maintain physiological processes, a condition known as low energy availability. The physiological adaptations associated with low energy availability, in turn, contribute to menstrual cycle disturbances. The downstream effects of both low energy availability and suppressed estrogen concentrations synergistically impair bone health, leading to low bone mineral density, compromised bone structure and microarchitecture, and ultimately, a decrease in bone strength. Unlike the other components of the Triad, poor bone health often does not have overt symptoms, and therefore develops silently, unbeknownst to the athlete. Compromised bone health among female athletes increases the risk of fracture throughout the lifespan, highlighting the long-term health consequences of the Triad. For prevention and early intervention, education of athletes, parents, coaches, trainers, judges, and administrators is a priority. Athletes should be assessed for the Triad at the preparticipation physical and/or annual health screening exam, and whenever an athlete presents with any of the Triad’s clinical conditions. Sport administrators should also consider rule changes to discourage unhealthy weight loss practices. The first aim of treatment for any Triad component is to increase energy availability by increasing energy intake and/or reducing exercise energy expenditure. The review of scientific articles that describe the study of the problem of female athletic triad. Analyzed the importance of improving education of future specialists in physical education and sport on this issue.