Теоретико-методичні засади розвитку дослідницької компетентності учнів ліцею у процесі навчання фізики

Abstract

У дисертації вперше запропоновано методичну систему розвитку дослідницької компетентності учнів ліцею, яка ґрунтується на комплексному використанні в навчанні фізики інноваційних освітніх моделей. Уперше запропоновано концептуальні підходи до створення такої системи на основі цілісної структурно-функціональної моделі, яка повною мірою відображає цілі, методи, освітні підходи і результати розвитку дослідницької компетентності. Запропоновано дидактичні умови впровадження в освітній процес методичної системи розвитку дослідницької компетентності учнів ліцею шляхом доповнення змісту шкільного курсу фізики системою дослідницьких завдань, добору і поєднання методів мотивації та формування в учнів ціннісного ставлення до навчально-пізнавальної діяльності. Для досягнення найбільшої ефективності функціонування методичної системи запропоновано використання компетентнісного, діяльнісного, особистісно орієнтованого і технологічного освітніх підходів, комплексне використання яких забезпечує позитивний вплив на рівень засвоєння знань і способів діяльності. Вперше запропоновано навчально-методичний комплекс «Дослідницька компетентність: природничо-математичний напрям диференціації». Показано, що використання навчально-методичного комплексу забезпечить ефективну реалізацію запропонованої методичної системи та сприятиме формуванню в учнів знань і умінь, необхідних для успішного розвитку дослідницької компетентності в освітньому процесі з фізики.В диссертации впервые предложена методическая система развития исследовательской компетентности учащихся лицея, которая основывается на комплексном использовании в обучении физике инновационных образовательных моделей. Впервые предложены концептуальные подходы к созданию такой системы на основе целостной структурно-функциональной модели, которая в полной мере отражает цели, методы и результаты развития исследовательской компетентности. Предложены дидактические условия внедрения в образовательный процесс методической системы развития исследовательской компетентности учащихся лицея путём дополнения содержания школьного курса физики системой исследовательских заданий, отбора и сочетания методов мотивации и формирования у учащихся ценностного отношения к учебно-познавательной деятельности. Для достижения наибольшей эффективности функционирования методической системы предложено использование компетентностного, деятельностного, личностно ориентированного и технологического образовательных подходов, комплексное использование которых обеспечит положительное влияние на уровень усвоения знаний и способов деятельности. Впервые предложен учебно-методический комплекс «Исследовательская компетентность: естественно-математическое направление дифференциации». Показано, что использование учебно-методического комплекса обеспечит эффективную реализацию предложенной методической системы и будет содействовать формированию у учащихся знаний и умений, необходимых для успешного развития исследовательской компетентности в образовательном процессе по физике.The problem of developing research competence of lyceum students in the process of teaching Physics was considered in the dissertation. The suggested concept of research realizes activity, personal, technological and competent approaches in the methodics of teaching Physics at the present stage of development of secondary education in Ukraine. Due to this, it is marked by the appropriate choice of aims and objectives, organizational forms, methods and means of teaching in their rational combination in the current conditions of organization of educational process in the profile teaching Physics in the lyceums. For the first time it was proposed:1) the theoretical and methodical principles of developing lyceum students research competence in the process of teaching Physics on the basis of activity, personal, technological and competence approaches; 2) the conceptual gtounds of creating teaching-methodical system of developing lyceum students research competence in the process of teaching Physics on the basis of a holistic structural-functional model; 3) the educational- methodical system «Developing students research competence in the process of teaching Physics at lyceums of natural-mathematical profile» based on the integrated use in educational process of innovative educational models. In the work the theoretical and methodical grounds of the didactic conditions of implementing into the educational process the structural and functional model of developing lyceum students research competence in the process of teaching Physics by supplementing the contents of the school course of Physics with the system of research tasks, selection and combination of methods of motivation and development of values attitude to educational and cognitive activity. In the work the following items were improved:1) the theory and methodology of competence-oriented teaching Physics in lyceum on the basis of the activity approach; 2) methods of teaching Physics to students of lyceum on the basis of the use of personally oriented, developmental and practical-oriented learning technologies. The further developed aspects are the following:1) methodical approaches to designing the content of general secondary education through the use of pedagogical innovations in the educational process (projects, web quests, experimental tasks); 2) the theoretical grounds of the educational and cognitive activity, in particular adding the research component in the context of the competent approach to teaching Physics; 3) conceptual and terminological basis of the competence approach, in particular the notion of «research competence»; 4) structure and content of the research competence in the part of innovative methods of its forming; 5) criteria, indicators and methods for diagnosing the levels of the development of students research competence. The practical value of the obtained results consists in developing and introducing into the educational process in Physics at the lyceum of the natural and mathematical direction of differentiation the integrated educational-methodical complex «Research competence: natural and mathematical direction of differentiation» which contains the following components: 1) educational and methodical manual for teachers of Physics «Pedagogical innovations in the organization of students independent work in Physics»; 2) educational and methodical manual for students, teachers of Physics, students of pedagogical universities of training direction 6.040203 Physics* and specialty 8.04020301 Physics* «Research activity of senior students in the process of teaching Physics»; 3) educational and methodical manual for teachers of Physics «Teacher's advice: research projects in Physics for senior students»; 4) educational and methodical manual for teachers of Physics «Tips for the teacher: web quests in Physics»; 5) educational and methodical manual for teachers of Physics «Teacher's Tips: Experimental Tasks in Physics»; 6) author's special course «Using the research method in the course of Physics of the comprehensive school» for the students of the educational degree «Bachelor» (4th year) and «Master» (1st year) specialty 014 Secondary education in specialization 014.08 Secondary education (Physics); 7) author's educational discipline «Pedagogical Technologies of Work with Gifted Youth» for students of educational degree «Bachelor» (4th year) specialty 014 Secondary education of subject specialty 014.08 Secondary education (Physics); 8) the program of the research group «Physics and Astronomy» at the Hlukhiv Town Out-of-School Centre (2014–2019). The educational-methodical complex «Research competence: natural and mathematical direction of differentiation» intended for the development of research competence of students in Physics in lyceums of the natural and mathematical direction of differentiation was suggested for the first time. It was shown that the use of the teaching-methodical complex will provide pedagogical conditions that will promote the formation of the students’ knowledge and skills necessary for carrying out research activities. The pedagogical expediency of the developed educational and methodical system for ensuring the conditions for developing lyceum students research competence at the lyceum of the natural-mathematical profile in the process of teaching Physics: planning, formulation and organization of the strategy of teaching Physics in the lyceum on the basis of activity, personal, technological and competence approaches were tested experimentally; definition of the qualifying period of the experiment was suggested; specifying the general hypothesis of the theoretical basis of the dissertation work was given; search and identification of the limits of implementing it into the educational process in the context of the development of students research competence at the lyceum in Physics were shown; analysis of materials for molding and control experiments using criteria F- Fisher, Pearson (χ 2 ) were represented; identification of active directions for the further development of the theory of forming and developing lyceum students research competence in the process of teaching Physics was shown; transformation of the relationship between the theoretical and empirical approaches for practical application in education in Physics was presented. The results of the study can be used by teachers in the process of teaching Physics in lyceums, in the further research on the problem of forming and developing students research competence at the comprehensive educational institutions; in higher pedagogical educational institutions for training future Physics teachers for the development of students' research competence; in institutions of postgraduate pedagogical education in the process of teachers training; during independent education of students and teachers of Physics.