Ecological prerequisites for the disease outbreaks

Abstract

The problematic situation in the world with the spread of COVID-19, the study of the origin, spread, management of biological risks, and the development of effective countermeasures has become one of the most relevant information topics in 2020. The pandemic caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus has sharpened the focus on all-natural foci of disease that have emerged in recent years with varying degrees of intensity in human and animal populations, creating epidemic epizootic emergencies in different countries. Under the influence of solid anthropogenic pressure, global climate change and natural disasters, migratory flows, and other socioeconomic and environmental factors, some of the previously unknown or known but controlled diseases (rabies, Lyme disease, Ebola) are gaining new importance. The manifestation of most natural focal infectious diseases is due to the population's response to environmental factors. It is manifested by expanding the range, overcoming the species barrier, increasing the pathogen's virulence, and forming atypical routes of transmission. Classical mechanisms of population regulation, principles, and patterns of the structural and functional organization of natural ecosystems today are essential in forming a systematic approach to solving the problem of control and counteraction of socially significant emergent diseases.